19–20 cm Male confusus: Brown above, black mask, whitish supercilium, whitish below with buffish flank-wash. No wing-patch, greyish-white forehead, brighter rump/uppertail-coverts.Female: Often slightly duller; cream-tinged supercilium, fine dusky vermiculations on breast/flanks.Juvenile: Duller; narrow blackish and some buffish scales above, whiter below, dark scales/bars on sides, shorter supercilium, pink-based lower mandible. Brown base-colour above, pale supercilium, dark mask.Male superciliosus (east and south): Rich chestnut above (crown brightest), defined white forehead and supercilium. (e) Male lucionensis: (widespread): Pale grey crown, less distinct supercilium, grey washed mantle/scapulars. Other subspecies L.c.cristatus (throughout). VOICE Harsh chak-ak-ak-ak-ak in alarm. High squawks. Song of rich varied chattering. HABITAT Open country, cultivation, gardens, secondary growth; up to 2,000 m. RANGE Co WV throughout. Also PM SW,S Myanmar, Pen Malaysia, Cambodia, E Tonkin.
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